It is possible for Node.js to be built without including support for thenode:crypto module. In such cases, attempting to import from tls orcalling require('node:tls') will result in an error being thrown.
To use perfect forward secrecy using DHE with the node:tls module, it isrequired to generate Diffie-Hellman parameters and specify them with thedhparam option to tls.createSecureContext(). The following illustratesthe use of the OpenSSL command-line interface to generate such parameters:
node js aes-128 password 14
TLS-PSK is only a good choice where means exist to securely share akey with every connecting machine, so it does not replace the public keyinfrastructure (PKI) for the majority of TLS uses.The TLS-PSK implementation in OpenSSL has seen many security flaws inrecent years, mostly because it is used only by a minority of applications.Please consider all alternative solutions before switching to PSK ciphers.Upon generating PSK it is of critical importance to use sufficient entropy asdiscussed in RFC 4086. Deriving a shared secret from a password or otherlow-entropy sources is not secure.
It is possible for Node.js to be built without including support for thenode:crypto module. In such cases, attempting to import from crypto orcalling require('node:crypto') will result in an error being thrown.
The node:crypto module provides the Certificate class for working with SPKACdata. The most common usage is handling output generated by the HTML5 element. Node.js uses OpenSSL's SPKAC implementation internally.
The options argument controls stream behavior and is optional except when acipher in CCM or OCB mode (e.g. 'aes-128-ccm') is used. In that case, theauthTagLength option is required and specifies the length of theauthentication tag in bytes, see CCM mode. In GCM mode, the authTagLengthoption is not required but can be used to set the length of the authenticationtag that will be returned by getAuthTag() and defaults to 16 bytes.For chacha20-poly1305, the authTagLength option defaults to 16 bytes.
The implementation of crypto.createCipher() derives keys using the OpenSSLfunction EVP_BytesToKey with the digest algorithm set to MD5, oneiteration, and no salt. The lack of salt allows dictionary attacks as the samepassword always creates the same key. The low iteration count andnon-cryptographically secure hash algorithm allow passwords to be tested veryrapidly.
The options argument controls stream behavior and is optional except when acipher in CCM or OCB mode (e.g. 'aes-128-ccm') is used. In that case, theauthTagLength option is required and specifies the length of theauthentication tag in bytes, see CCM mode.For chacha20-poly1305, the authTagLength option defaults to 16 bytes.
The implementation of crypto.createDecipher() derives keys using the OpenSSLfunction EVP_BytesToKey with the digest algorithm set to MD5, oneiteration, and no salt. The lack of salt allows dictionary attacks as the samepassword always creates the same key. The low iteration count andnon-cryptographically secure hash algorithm allow passwords to be tested veryrapidly.
The options argument controls stream behavior and is optional except when acipher in CCM or OCB mode (e.g. 'aes-128-ccm') is used. In that case, theauthTagLength option is required and specifies the length of theauthentication tag in bytes, see CCM mode. In GCM mode, the authTagLengthoption is not required but can be used to restrict accepted authentication tagsto those with the specified length.For chacha20-poly1305, the authTagLength option defaults to 16 bytes.
Provides an asynchronous Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2)implementation. A selected HMAC digest algorithm specified by digest isapplied to derive a key of the requested byte length (keylen) from thepassword, salt and iterations.
Provides a synchronous Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2)implementation. A selected HMAC digest algorithm specified by digest isapplied to derive a key of the requested byte length (keylen) from thepassword, salt and iterations.
Provides an asynchronous scrypt implementation. Scrypt is a password-basedkey derivation function that is designed to be expensive computationally andmemory-wise in order to make brute-force attacks unrewarding.
Provides a synchronous scrypt implementation. Scrypt is a password-basedkey derivation function that is designed to be expensive computationally andmemory-wise in order to make brute-force attacks unrewarding.
The node:crypto module still supports some algorithms which are alreadycompromised and are not currently recommended for use. The API also allowsthe use of ciphers and hashes with a small key size that are too weak for safeuse.
Following GetUnsafeKeyIvSync(password) uses exactly same behavior as previous crypto did in old days.There is no salt, and single iteration with MD5 digest, so anyone can generate exactly same Key and Iv.This is why deprecated.
Strings should not be used to hold the clear text message, password or the key as Strings are immutable which means we cannot clear the strings after use and they will linger in the memory. Thus a memory dump can reveal the sensitive information. For the same reason, the client calling these encryption or decryption methods should clear all the Buffer holding the message, key or the password after they are no longer needed using bufferVal.fill(0).
The key in this script is obtained by applying the Cipher routine to encrypt the first 16/24/32 characters of the password (for 128-/192-/256-bit keys) to make the key. This is a convenient way to obtain a secure key within an entirely self-contained script (in a production environment, as opposed to this essentially tutorial code, the key might be generated as a hash, e.g. simply key = Sha256(password)). In more detail, the supplied password is converted to to UTF-8 (to be byte-safe), then the first 16/24/32 characters are converted to bytes. The resulting pwBytes is used as a seed for the Aes.keyExpansion() which is then used as the key to encrypt pwBytes with Aes.cipher(). Examples of keys generated in this way from (unrealistically) simple passwords:
Calculates a crypt(3)-style hash of password. When storing a new password, you need to use gen_salt() to generate a new salt value. To check a password, pass the stored hash value as salt, and test whether the result matches the stored value.
Table F.18 gives an overview of the relative slowness of different hashing algorithms. The table shows how much time it would take to try all combinations of characters in an 8-character password, assuming that the password contains either only lower case letters, or upper- and lower-case letters and numbers. In the crypt-bf entries, the number after a slash is the iter_count parameter of gen_salt.
crypt-bf numbers are taken using a simple program that loops over 1000 8-character passwords. That way I can show the speed with different numbers of iterations. For reference: john -test shows 13506 loops/sec for crypt-bf/5. (The very small difference in results is in accordance with the fact that the crypt-bf implementation in pgcrypto is the same one used in John the Ripper.)
Decrypt a public-key-encrypted message. key must be the secret key corresponding to the public key that was used to encrypt. If the secret key is password-protected, you must give the password in psw. If there is no password, but you want to specify options, you need to give an empty password.
RabbitMQ has inbuilt support for TLS. This includes client connections and popular plugins, where applicable,such as Federation links. It is also possible to use TLSto encrypt inter-node connections in clusters.
A TLS-enabled RabbitMQ node must have a set of Certificate Authority certificates it considers to be trusted in a file (a CA bundle),a certificate (public key) file and a private key file. The files will be read from the local filesystem. They must be readable by the effective userof the RabbitMQ node process.
To enable the TLS support in RabbitMQ, the node has to be configuredto know the location of the Certificate Authoritybundle (a file with one more CA certificates), the server's certificate file, and the server'skey. A TLS listener should also be enabled to know what port to listen on for TLS-enabled client connections.More TLS-related things can be configured. Those are covered in the rest of this guide.
RabbitMQ must be able to read its configured CA certificate bundle, server certificate and private key. The filesmust exist and have the appropriate permissions. When that's not the case the node will fail to start or fail toaccept TLS-enabled connections.
The examples above demonstrate TLS alert messages logged by a RabbitMQ node.Clients that perform peer verification will also raise alerts but may use differenterror messages. RFC 8446 section 6.2provides an overview of various alerts and what they mean.
When the ssl_options.verify option is set to verify_peer,the client does send us a certificate, the node must perform peer verification.When set to verify_none, peer verification will be disabled and certificateexchange won't be performed.
In RabbitMQ .NET client, RabbitMQ.client.SslOption.CertificatevalidationCallbackcan be used to provide a RemoteCertificateValidationCallbackdelegate. The delegate will be used to verify peer (RabbitMQ node) identity using whatever logic fitsthe applications.
The example below only accepts TLSv1.3 (the most recent and secure version),and requires the node to be running on Erlang 23 compiled against a very recent OpenSSL.Clients that use older runtimes (e.g. JDK, .NET, Python) without TLSv1.3 supportwill not be able to connect with this setup. 2ff7e9595c
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